However, selection on floral traits was not pollinator-mediated in&nbsp;C. cylindrica&nbsp;or&nbsp;C. xantiana, despite variation in pollinator visitation and the extent of pollen limitation across communities for&nbsp;C. cylindrica. As such, interactions between co-occurring species may alter patterns of selection mediated by abiotic agents of selection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Pathological progression of stroke in the peripheral and central nervous systems (PNS and CNS) is characterized by multiple converging signalling pathways that exacerbate neuroinflammation-mediated secondary cell death. This creates a need for a novel type of immunotherapy capable of simultaneously lowering the synergistic inflammatory responses in the PNS and CNS, specifically the spleen and brain. Previously, we demonstrated that partial major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II constructs can be administered subcutaneously to promote histological and behavioural effects that alleviate common symptoms found in a murine model of transient stroke. This MHC class II manipulates T cell cytokine expression in both PNS and CNS, resulting in dampened inflammation. In our long-standing efforts towards translational research, we recently demonstrated that a potent next generation mouse-based partial MHC class II construct named DRmQ (DRa1L50Q -mMOG-35-55) similarly induces neuroprotection in stroke rats, replicating the therapeutic effects of the human homolog as DRhQ (DRa1L50Q -human (h)MOG-35-55) in stroke mice. Our preclinical studies showed that DRmQ reduces motor deficits, infarct volume and peri-infarct cell loss by targeting inflammation in this second species. Moreover, we provided mechanistic support in both animal studies that partial MHC class II constructs effectively modulate the spleen, an organ which plays a critical role in modulating secondary cell death. Together, these preclinical studies satisfy testing the constructs in two stroke models, which is a major criterion of the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable (STAIR) criteria and a key step in effectively translating this drug to the clinic. Additional translational studies, including dose-response and larger animal models may be warranted to bring MHC class II constructs closer to the clinic. © 2020 The Authors. CNS Neuroscience &amp; Therapeutics published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd.BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma (NB) is a heterogeneous disease with respect to genomic abnormalities and clinical behaviors. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the association between the genetic aberrations and clinical features, it remains one of the major challenges to predict prognosis and stratify patients for determining personalized therapy in this disease. The aim of this study was to develop an effective prognosis prediction model for NB patients. METHODS We integrated diverse computational analyses to define gene signatures that reflect MYCN activity and chromosomal aberrations including deletion of chromosome 1p (Chr1p_del) and chromosome 11q (Chr11q_del) as well as chromosome 11q whole loss (Chr11q_wls). We evaluated the prognostic and predictive values of these signatures in seven NB gene expression datasets (the number of samples ranges from 94 to 498, with a total of 2120) generated from both RNA sequencing and microarray platforms. RESULTS MYCN signature was a more effective prognostic marker than MYCN amplification status and MYCN expression. Similarly, the Chr1p_del score was more prognostic than Chr1p status. The activity scores of MYCN, Chr1p_del and Chr11q_del were associated with poor prognosis, while the Chr11q_wls score was linked to good outcome. We integrated the activity scores of MYCN, Chr1p_del, Chr11q_del, and Chr11q_wls and clinical variables into an integrative prognostic model, which displayed significant performance over the clinical variables or each genomic aberration alone. CONCLUSIONS Our integrative gene signature model shows a significantly improved forecast performance with prognostic and predictive information, and thereby can be served as a biomarker to stratify NB patients for prognosis evaluation and surveillance programs. © 2020 The Authors. Cancer Communications published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Australia, Ltd. on behalf of Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center.The components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in solid tumors, especially chemokines, are currently attracting much attention from scientists. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) is one of the important chemokines in TME. Overexpression of CXCL5 is closely related to the survival time, recurrence and metastasis of cancer patients. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/NVP-TAE684.html In TME, CXCL5 binds to its receptors, such as C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), to participate in the recruitment of immune cells and promote angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. The CXCL5/CXCR2 axis can act as a bridge between tumor cells and host cells in TME. Blocking the transmission of CXCL5/CXCR2 signals can increase the sensitivity and effectiveness of immunotherapy and slow down tumor progression. CXCL5 and CXCR2 are also regarded as biomarkers for predicting prognosis and molecular targets for customizing the treatment. In this review, we summarized the current literature regarding the biological functions and clinical significance of CXCL5/CXCR2 axis in TME. The possibility to use CXCL5 and CXCR2 as potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer is also discussed. © 2020 The Authors. Cancer Communications published by John Wiley &amp; Sons Australia, Ltd. on behalf of Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center.INTRODUCTION D-dimer is widely used in clinical pretests for venous thromboembolism exclusion, and its elevation suggests the presence of thrombus. The extent of hypercoagulability after colorectal surgery has not been systematically compared between patients who have undergone laparoscopic surgery and open surgery. The present study measured D-dimer levels sequentially in patients undergoing colorectal surgery and compared the extent of hypercoagulability between laparoscopic surgery and open surgery. METHODS A prospective cohort study involving 169 patients who underwent resection of colorectal cancer at Saitama Medical Center, Dokkyo Medical University, was conducted between January 2013 and September 2014. To measure D-dimer level, peripheral blood was obtained on postoperative day (POD) 1, POD4, and POD7. Enoxaparin sodium was administered twice daily as the routine prophylactic anticoagulant therapy on POD2 to 7. RESULTS D-dimer levels on POD1, POD4, and POD7 were significantly higher after open surgery than after laparoscopic surgery.